Consider the groups: multiples of 4, multiples of 8, divisors of 20, and odd numbers. Which relationship must be represented correctly in a Venn diagram?
Elige una respuesta para ver la explicación
Reasoning on Texts and Data is the second section of CEnT-S: 15 questions in 30 minutes. It does not test school knowledge — it tests how precisely you read a text, a table or a chart and how you turn a real-life situation into a calculation.
Three question families dominate: logic (connectives, quantifiers, counterexamples), data interpretation (tables, charts, rankings) and problem solving (rates, ratios, integer constraints). Together with Mathematics it makes up 30 of the 65 questions.
Análisis de la distribución de preguntas
Temas de Reasoning on Texts & Data de CEnT-S: frecuencia
¿Qué temas requieren más atención? Este es el desglose por temas a partir de nuestros datos de preguntas de CEnT-S:
| Tema | Total | |
|---|---|---|
| Problem Solving | 23 | |
| Data Interpretation | 12 | |
| Logic & Deductive Reasoning | 10 |
*Question counts per topic in 3 CEnT-S past exams from our question bank; each exam has the full 15 Reasoning on Texts & Data questions. Exams are numbered, not dated. These figures are derived from the past-exam question samples that have reached us; the samples may be incomplete or contain errors, and the topic mix can change from one exam session to the next. Treat them as a guide to priorities, not a prediction of your exam.
Ideas clave
- Problem solving is half of the section: rates, pace, prices and packaging with integer constraints.
- Data interpretation rewards choosing the right denominator and spotting weighted averages.
- Logic is fewer questions but the highest error rate: ‘necessarily true / false’ stems and negations.
- Speed matters: tables are dense, so read the question before the data.
Análisis de dificultad
Dificultad de los temas y reparto de estudio recomendado
No todos los temas exigen el mismo tiempo. Algunos requieren mucha práctica resolviendo problemas; otros dependen de recordar con precisión conceptos concretos:
Difícil
Logic & Deductive Reasoning 2–3 weeksMedio
Problem Solving 2–3 weeksMedio
Data Interpretation 2 weeks¿No sabes por dónde empezar tu preparación?
Haz el test diagnóstico gratuito de CEnT-S: conoce tu nivel de partida en cada sección y recibe un plan de estudio personalizado con IA.
Hacer el test diagnósticoDesglose del temario oficial
Temas de Reasoning on Texts & Data de CEnT-S: cómo se evalúa cada uno
Un repaso tema por tema de la sección de Reasoning on Texts & Data del official CISIA CEnT-S syllabus:
01
Logic & Deductive Reasoning Difícil
- Logical connectives (and, or, if…then, if and only if) and quantifiers (all, some, none).
- Negation of statements, counterexamples, necessary vs sufficient conditions.
- Set relations and Venn diagrams; truth and compatibility of propositions.
Cómo aparece en CEnT-S: ‘Which statement is necessarily true?’ items and negations of ‘all/some’. One counterexample is enough to make a universal statement false.
02
Data Interpretation Medio
- Reading multi-format texts, tables and graphs.
- Percentages, percentage points and relative change.
- Ranking and sorting by different criteria; evaluating statements against data.
Cómo aparece en CEnT-S: A table plus 3 statements: ‘which are correct?’. Errors come from using the wrong base for a percentage or confusing absolute and relative values.
03
Problem Solving Medio
- Interpreting text, figures and tables together.
- Percentages, ratios, proportionality and rates (speed, pace, prices).
- Algebraic modelling, integer/packaging constraints and checking real-world plausibility.
Cómo aparece en CEnT-S: Short real-life scenarios (cyclist pace, theatre tickets, delivery boxes). Compute every option the same way; the answer is often ‘the minimum/maximum’.
Official CISIA Syllabus
The full, official CEnT-S syllabus and test structure are published by CISIA:
cisiaonline.it — CEnT-S structure and syllabusProblemas de examen resueltos
Preguntas de ejemplo de Reasoning on Texts & Data de CEnT-S y tácticas de eliminación
Descubre cómo se construyen las preguntas de reasoning de CEnT-S y cómo una eliminación disciplinada evita la penalización de −0.25:
Kate is an amateur cyclist. Her pace depends on the average gradient: below 7% → 5 min/km; between 7% and 9% → 6 min/km; above 9% → 8 min/km. Which climb takes the least time?
Elige una respuesta para ver la explicación
Medal table: France 8/10/1; Germany 6/10/13; Italy 10/6/8; United States 10/7/5 (gold/silver/bronze). Ranking A orders by golds, then silvers, then bronzes. Ranking B gives 3 points per gold, 2 per silver, 1 per bronze. Where is Italy in A and in B?
Elige una respuesta para ver la explicación
Análisis de trampas del examen
Los 5 errores más comunes en Reasoning on Texts & Data de CEnT-S
Errores conceptuales y tácticos recurrentes que les cuestan puntos decisivos a los estudiantes:
01
Negating ‘all’ wrongly
The negation of ‘all X are Y’ is ‘at least one X is not Y’ — not ‘no X is Y’.
02
Wrong denominator
‘Percentage of women among graduates’ and ‘percentage of graduates among women’ use different bases.
03
Percent vs percentage points
A rise from 10% to 12% is 2 percentage points but a 20% relative increase.
04
Choosing the ‘obvious’ option
In optimisation items the shortest, cheapest-looking or largest option is usually the distractor. Compute every option.
05
Reading the whole table first
Read the question first, then scan only the rows and columns you need — it saves minutes.
Hoja de ruta de estudio
Hoja de ruta estratégica de estudio de 10 semanas
Weeks 1–2
Diagnostic & Foundations
Take a timed diagnostic; rebuild the Foundation topics marked ‘Easy’ and note every error type.
Weeks 3–5
Core Topics
Work through the ‘Medium’ and ‘Hard’ topics in the order of the frequency table; 20–30 targeted questions per topic.
Weeks 6–7
Mixed Practice
Mixed sets under section timing (2 min/question). Keep an error log: concept, reading or calculation.
Weeks 8–9
Full Mocks
One full 65-question CEnT-S mock per week with real section timers; review every wrong and every guessed answer.
Week 10
Final Polish
Re-do your error log, revise traps, and practise the skip-or-guess rule for the −0.25 penalty.